Photoinduced One-Electron Oxidation of Benzyl Methyl Sulfides in Acetonitrile: Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Evidence for a Thionium Ion Intermediate

J Org Chem. 2015 Aug 21;80(16):8001-8. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01052. Epub 2015 Aug 13.

Abstract

The photo-oxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl methyl sulfide (1a), benzyl methyl sulfide (1b), and 4-cyanobenzyl methyl sulfide (1c) has been investigated in the presence of N-methoxy phenanthridinium hexafluorophosphate (MeOP(+)PF6(-)) under nitrogen in CH3CN. The steady-state photolysis experiments showed for the investigated sulfides exclusively the formation of the corresponding benzaldehyde as the oxidation product, reasonably due to a deprotonation of the sulfide radical cations. Photo-oxidation of 1a-1c occurs through an electron transfer process. Indeed, laser flash photolysis measurements showed an efficient formation of sulfide radical cations, detected in their dimeric form [(4-X-C6H4CH2SCH3)2(+•)] at ≈520 nm. At longer delay times, the absorption of the dimer radical cation was replaced by an absorption band assigned to the (α-thio)benzyl cation (thionium ion, λmax = 420-400 nm), formed by oxidation of the benzyl radical and not by that of the (α-thiomethyl)benzyl radical, as expected if a Cα-H bond cleavage is operative. This finding highlights a particular stability of this kind of cation never reported before, even though its involvement in one-electron oxidation mechanisms of various sulfides has already been invoked. Density functional theory calculations allowed identification of a significant charge and spin delocalization involving both the phenyl ring and the sulfur atom of the radical cations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetonitriles / chemistry*
  • Benzyl Compounds / chemistry*
  • Electrons*
  • Ions / chemistry
  • Lasers
  • Molecular Structure
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Photochemical Processes
  • Quantum Theory
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / chemistry*
  • Spectrum Analysis
  • Sulfides / chemistry*
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Acetonitriles
  • Benzyl Compounds
  • Ions
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
  • Sulfides
  • thionium
  • acetonitrile