Isolation of the lipid fraction from biological samples has been a crucial part of countless studies over the last century. This considerable research interest has led to the development of a number of methods for isolating a range of molecular species that fall under the umbrella term "lipid". Such methods vary in popularity, complexity, specificity and even toxicity. In this review, we explore examples of published methods (1952-2014) for isolating lipids from biological samples and attempt to assess the limits of techniques both from a chemical and biological perspective. We also suggest how a suitable method might be chosen for a novel application.
Keywords: Lipases; lipid; lipid chemistry; lipid extraction; lipid isolation; lipidomics; molecular profiling; phosphatases.