Testing the 'toxin hypothesis of allergy': mast cells, IgE, and innate and acquired immune responses to venoms

Curr Opin Immunol. 2015 Oct:36:80-7. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Jul 23.

Abstract

Work in mice indicates that innate functions of mast cells, particularly degradation of venom toxins by mast cell-derived proteases, can enhance resistance to certain arthropod or reptile venoms. Recent reports indicate that acquired Th2 immune responses associated with the production of IgE antibodies, induced by Russell's viper venom or honeybee venom, or by a component of honeybee venom, bee venom phospholipase 2 (bvPLA2), can increase the resistance of mice to challenge with potentially lethal doses of either of the venoms or bvPLA2. These findings support the conclusion that, in contrast to the detrimental effects associated with allergic type 2 (Th2) immune responses, mast cells and IgE-dependent immune responses to venoms can contribute to innate and adaptive resistance to venom-induced pathology and mortality.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adaptive Immunity
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity, Immediate / diagnosis*
  • Hypersensitivity, Immediate / immunology*
  • Hypersensitivity, Immediate / metabolism
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Immunoglobulin E / blood
  • Immunoglobulin E / immunology
  • Mast Cells / immunology
  • Mast Cells / metabolism
  • Receptors, IgE / metabolism
  • Venoms / immunology*

Substances

  • Receptors, IgE
  • Venoms
  • Immunoglobulin E