Purpose: The clinical course of hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and its temporal progression across the different clinical stages has not been completely investigated. Our study evaluated the cumulative incidences (CIs) of clinical outcomes marking disease progression across the different clinical stages.
Methods: At baseline, 660 patients were classified as compensated [absence (294), or presence (108) of gastroesophageal varices] or decompensated [ascites (144), variceal bleeding alone (45) or in combination with ascites (17) and encephalopathy alone or together with bleeding and/or ascites (52)]. Subjects were followed for 312 weeks to identify time to a first event marking disease progression.
Results: Among compensated patients without varices, the 312-week CIs for developing varices, ascites, and encephalopathy were 37.4, 13.6 and 3.5 %, respectively. The 312-week CIs of development of ascites, bleeding and encephalopathy were 24, 12.5 and 9.9 % for compensated subjects with varices, respectively. Among patients with ascites, the 312-week CIs of bleeding, liver-related deaths/transplant and encephalopathy were 23.5, 27.8, and 47.3 %, respectively. The 312-week CIs of ascites, liver-related deaths/transplant and encephalopathy were 22.5, 14.7 and 5.7 % among patients with bleeding; however, CIs of liver-related deaths were significantly higher in those with ascites plus bleeding (77.6 %). Patients with encephalopathy alone or in combination with ascites and/or bleeding displayed the highest rates of deaths (312 weeks, 90 %).
Conclusions: Among compensated patients, the presence of varices suggests a more accelerated course of the disease. Decompensated patients show the most severe clinical course, particularly in those with a combination of two or more clinical events.
Keywords: Chronic hepatitis C; Compensated cirrhosis; Decompensated cirrhosis; Natural history.