Copper Environment in Artificial Metalloproteins Probed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

J Phys Chem B. 2015 Oct 29;119(43):13825-33. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04172. Epub 2015 Aug 10.

Abstract

The design of binding sites for divalent metals in artificial proteins is a productive platform for examining the characteristics of metal-ligand interactions. In this report, we investigate the spectroscopic properties of small peptides and four-helix bundles that bind Cu(II). Three small peptides, consisting of 15 amino acid residues, were designed to have two arms, each containing a metal-binding site comprised of different combinations of imidazole and carboxylate side chains. Two four-helix bundles each had a binding site for a central dinuclear metal cofactor, with one design incorporating additional potential metal ligands at two identical sites. The small peptides displayed pH-dependent, metal-induced changes in the circular dichroism spectra, consistent with large changes in the secondary structure upon metal binding, while the spectra of the four-helix bundles showed a predominant α-helix content but only small structural changes upon metal binding. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were measured at X-band revealing classic Cu(II) axial patterns with hyperfine coupling peaks for the small peptides and four-helix bundles exhibiting a range of values that were related to the specific chemical natures of the ligands. The variety of electronic structures allow us to define the distinctive environment of each metal-binding site in these artificial systems, including the designed additional binding sites in one of the four-helix bundles.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • Carboxylic Acids / chemistry
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Imidazoles / chemistry
  • Ligands
  • Metalloproteins / chemistry*
  • Models, Molecular

Substances

  • Carboxylic Acids
  • Imidazoles
  • Ligands
  • Metalloproteins
  • Copper