Tulane virus recognizes sialic acids as cellular receptors

Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 6:5:11784. doi: 10.1038/srep11784.

Abstract

The recent discovery that human noroviruses (huNoVs) recognize sialic acids (SAs) in addition to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) pointed to a new direction in studying virus-host interactions during calicivirus infection. HuNoVs remain difficult to study due to the lack of an effective cell culture model. In this study, we demonstrated that Tulane virus (TV), a cultivable primate calicivirus, also recognizes SAs in addition to the previously known TV-HBGA interactions. Evidence supporting this discovery includes that TV virions bound synthetic sialoglycoconjugates (SGCs) and that treatment of TV permissive LLC-MK2 cells with either neuraminidases or SA-binding lectins inhibited TV infectivity. In addition, we found that Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL), a lectin that recognizes the α-2,3 linked SAs, bound LLC-MK2 cells, as well as TV, by which MAL promoted TV infectivity in cell culture. Our findings further highlight TV as a valuable surrogate for huNoVs, particularly in studying virus-host interactions that may involve two host carbohydrate receptors or co-receptors for infection.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Group Antigens / genetics
  • Blood Group Antigens / metabolism
  • Caliciviridae / isolation & purification
  • Caliciviridae / physiology*
  • Cell Line
  • Feces / virology
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions
  • Humans
  • Maackia / metabolism
  • Macaca mulatta / virology
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence
  • Neuraminidase / metabolism
  • Norovirus / physiology
  • Phytohemagglutinins / chemistry
  • Phytohemagglutinins / metabolism
  • RNA, Viral / analysis
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / chemistry
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism*
  • Sialic Acids / chemistry
  • Sialic Acids / metabolism*
  • Virus Internalization

Substances

  • Blood Group Antigens
  • Phytohemagglutinins
  • RNA, Viral
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Sialic Acids
  • leukoagglutinins, plants
  • Neuraminidase