Tissue-Specific Evolution of Protein Coding Genes in Human and Mouse

PLoS One. 2015 Jun 29;10(6):e0131673. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131673. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Protein-coding genes evolve at different rates, and the influence of different parameters, from gene size to expression level, has been extensively studied. While in yeast gene expression level is the major causal factor of gene evolutionary rate, the situation is more complex in animals. Here we investigate these relations further, especially taking in account gene expression in different organs as well as indirect correlations between parameters. We used RNA-seq data from two large datasets, covering 22 mouse tissues and 27 human tissues. Over all tissues, evolutionary rate only correlates weakly with levels and breadth of expression. The strongest explanatory factors of purifying selection are GC content, expression in many developmental stages, and expression in brain tissues. While the main component of evolutionary rate is purifying selection, we also find tissue-specific patterns for sites under neutral evolution and for positive selection. We observe fast evolution of genes expressed in testis, but also in other tissues, notably liver, which are explained by weak purifying selection rather than by positive selection.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Databases, Nucleic Acid
  • Evolution, Molecular*
  • Gene Duplication
  • Gene Regulatory Networks
  • Genomics / methods
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Open Reading Frames*
  • Organ Specificity / genetics
  • Selection, Genetic

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants number 31003A 133011/1 and 31003A_153341/1) and Etat de Vaud. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.