Metronidazole-triazole conjugates: activity against Clostridium difficile and parasites

Eur J Med Chem. 2015 Aug 28:101:96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.019. Epub 2015 Jun 18.

Abstract

Metronidazole has been used clinically for over 50 years as an antiparasitic and broad-spectrum antibacterial agent effective against anaerobic bacteria. However resistance to metronidazole in parasites and bacteria has been reported, and improved second-generation metronidazole analogues are needed. The copper catalysed Huigsen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition offers a way to efficiently assemble new libraries of metronidazole analogues. Several new metronidazole-triazole conjugates (Mtz-triazoles) have been identified with excellent broad spectrum antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity targeting Clostridium difficile, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. Cross resistance to metronidazole was observed against stable metronidazole resistant C. difficile and G. lamblia strains. However for the most potent Mtz-triazoles, the activity remained in a therapeutically relevant window.

Keywords: Anaerobe; Antibiotic; Click chemistry; Nitroimidazole.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
  • Antiparasitic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antiparasitic Agents / chemistry
  • Antiparasitic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Clostridioides difficile / drug effects*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Entamoeba histolytica / drug effects
  • Giardia lamblia / drug effects
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Hep G2 Cells
  • Humans
  • Metronidazole / chemistry*
  • Metronidazole / pharmacology*
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Molecular Structure
  • Parasites / drug effects*
  • Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Triazoles / chemistry*
  • Triazoles / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antiparasitic Agents
  • Triazoles
  • Metronidazole