Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids independently attenuate plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E3 in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing-finishing pigs

J Anim Sci. 2015 Jun;93(6):2926-34. doi: 10.2527/jas.2014-8330.

Abstract

This study tested the hypothesis that vitamin E (Vit E) and omega-3 fatty acids will additively attenuate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and PGE2 in immune system–stimulated growing–finishing pigs. A total of 80 mixed sex pigs weighing 50.7 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± SE) were blocked and stratified based on sex and BW to a 2 × 2 factorial design with the respective factors being 1) without and with 300 IU Vit E and 2) without and with 25% replacement of tallow to linseed oil as a source of n-3 fatty acids. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicate pens with 5 pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. All pigs were challenged with an intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; O111:B4) twice weekly over the 6-wk experiment. After LPS challenge, pigs fed a diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids had fewer (P < 0.05) white blood cells and tended to show both a reduced (P < 0.10) proportion of lymphocytes and IgG concentration compared with pigs fed a diet without any supplements. Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids reduced (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) serum concentrations of cortisol and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), respectively. The serum concentration of PGE2 was decreased (P < 0.05) with supplementation of both Vit E and n-3 fatty acids; however, the extent of the reduction was greater (P < 0.001) in pigs fed an n-3 fatty acid–supplemented diet. However, there were no additive effects of the combined supplementation of Vit E and n-3 fatty acids on serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and PGE2. The results suggest that n-3 fatty acids independently attenuate production of TNF-α and PGE2 in immune system–stimulated growing–finishing pigs.

Publication types

  • Controlled Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alprostadil / analogs & derivatives*
  • Alprostadil / metabolism
  • Animal Feed / analysis
  • Animals
  • Cytokines / blood*
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism
  • Fats
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / pharmacology*
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
  • Lipopolysaccharides / toxicity*
  • Male
  • Swine / blood*
  • Vitamin E / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Fats
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Vitamin E
  • prostaglandin E3
  • tallow
  • Alprostadil