The straintronic spin-neuron

Nanotechnology. 2015 Jul 17;26(28):285201. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/28/285201. Epub 2015 Jun 26.

Abstract

In artificial neural networks, neurons are usually implemented with highly dissipative CMOS-based operational amplifiers. A more energy-efficient implementation is a 'spin-neuron' realized with a magneto-tunneling junction (MTJ) that is switched with a spin-polarized current (representing weighted sum of input currents) that either delivers a spin transfer torque or induces domain wall motion in the soft layer of the MTJ to mimic neuron firing. Here, we propose and analyze a different type of spin-neuron in which the soft layer of the MTJ is switched with mechanical strain generated by a voltage (representing weighted sum of input voltages) and term it straintronic spin-neuron. It dissipates orders of magnitude less energy in threshold operations than the traditional current-driven spin neuron at 0 K temperature and may even be faster. We have also studied the room-temperature firing behaviors of both types of spin neurons and find that thermal noise degrades the performance of both types, but the current-driven type is degraded much more than the straintronic type if both are optimized for maximum energy-efficiency. On the other hand, if both are designed to have the same level of thermal degradation, then the current-driven version will dissipate orders of magnitude more energy than the straintronic version. Thus, the straintronic spin-neuron is superior to current-driven spin neurons.

MeSH terms

  • Action Potentials
  • Electricity
  • Energy Transfer
  • Magnetic Phenomena
  • Magnetite Nanoparticles / chemistry*
  • Models, Neurological
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Nanotechnology / instrumentation*
  • Nanotechnology / methods*
  • Neural Networks, Computer*
  • Neurons / physiology*
  • Temperature

Substances

  • Magnetite Nanoparticles