Comprehensive assessment of morphology and severity of atrial septal defects in adults by CT

J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2015 Jul-Aug;9(4):354-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jcct.2015.04.007. Epub 2015 May 1.

Abstract

Background: Cardiac CT is an excellent tool for evaluating the anatomy of a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). However, a comprehensive assessment of its usefulness, including measurement of the pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio in secundum ASD patients, has not been performed.

Objective: Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of CT for assessing the hemodynamics of secundum ASD in adults compared with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), transthoracic echocardiography, and invasive catheterization.

Methods: Fifty adult patients with secundum ASD were enrolled. Cardiac CT scans (128-slice multidetector CT instrument) were acquired. These were followed by 2-dimensional reconstruction of the secundum ASDs to determine the defect size, the rim length between the outer edge of the defect, and the pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) ratio.

Results: The maximum sizes of the secundum ASDs derived from CT and TEE studies were comparable (21.2 ± 8.0 vs. 20.0 ± 7.3 mm; P = .41; r = 0.960; P < .001). The rim lengths for the aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves; the inferior vena cava; and posterior atrium were also comparable between CT and TEE measurements. The mean Qp/Qs ratio that was derived from CT measurements was comparable with that found by invasive catheterization (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.3 ± 0.8; P = .73; r = 0.786; P < .001).

Conclusion: Cardiac CT is feasible for assessing pathology and the severity of secundum ASD in adults.

Keywords: Atrial septum defect; Cardiac computed tomography; Congenital heart disease; Echocardiography; Structural heart disease.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / classification
  • Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / diagnostic imaging*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Observer Variation
  • Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / methods*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Severity of Illness Index*
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods*