Background: Universal salt iodization (USI) was introduced in China in 1995, but whether the iodine status is optimal is questionable. This study was conducted to assess the iodine nutrition among Zhejiang population in coastal regions in China.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey for iodine nutritional status was conducted with general population (n=10,350), including pregnant and lactating women (n=450 each) selected by stratified multistage sampling. Iodine content in drinking water, table salt and urine, were determined using arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry, the direct titration and the arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry, respectively, and daily iodine intake was estimated by 3 days of 24-hour recall method.
Results: The median iodine content in drinking water was 2.46 μg/L, Zhejiang belonged to the region of iodine deficiency in outer environment according to China standard. The median iodine content in table salt was 27.9 mg/kg, conforming to the standard requirements; the household coverage rate of qualified iodized salt reached 76.8%, which does not reach the standard requirement of WHO >90%. The dietary iodine intake of a reference individual averaged 379 μg/d, which indicated that the current iodine intake in diet was appropriate. In addition, the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 162 μg/L in general population, and 130 μg/L in pregnant women, which didn't reach the standard requirements.
Conclusion: The current dietary iodine intake in Zhejiang was generally sufficient and safe, but there is a risk of iodine deficiency among pregnant women and the population who do not consume iodized salt.
背景：中国自1995 年即开始实施全民食盐加碘为主的碘缺乏病综合防治策略， 但目前居民的碘营养水平是否处于最佳水平仍存在疑问。本研究的目的是评估 中国沿海地区浙江省居民的碘营养状况。方法：采用分层多级抽样方法对10350 例的普通人群、450 例的孕妇以及450 例的哺乳期妇女进行横断面碘营养水平调 查。分别采用砷铈催化分光光度法、直接滴定法以及砷铈催化分光光度法对饮 用水水样、盐样和尿样进行碘含量测定。日常的碘估计摄入量使用3 天24 小时 回顾法。结果：饮用水水碘中位数2.46 μg/L，根据中国的标准浙江属于外环境 碘缺乏地区；盐碘中位数为27.9 mg/kg，符合标准要求；合格碘盐食用率为 76.8%，未达到WHO 要求的大于90%；标准人均日膳食碘的摄入量为379 μg/d，其摄入量适宜。此外，普通人群尿碘中位数为162 μg/L，孕妇尿碘中位数 为130 μg/L，其中孕妇碘营养水平未达到标准要求。结论：目前，浙江省居民 膳食碘摄入量总体是充足和安全的，但孕妇和非食用碘盐人群其碘缺乏的风险 容易隐藏在全民食盐加碘的政策之下。.