Conclusion: The addition of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the diagnostic management of patients classified with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (SCCUP) is promising and appears to improve detection rates of the primary tumour. The approach presented in this first Scandinavian study could potentially minimize the radiation field to the pharyngeal axis in patients with identified primary tumours.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate whether bilateral lingual tonsillectomy performed with TORS is feasible, and whether it could improve the detection rates of primary tumours in patients diagnosed and classified as having SCCUP.
Methods: The study was retrospective and included 13 patients with SCCUP who were referred to TORS between October 2013 and January 2015. All 13 patients had previously undergone a full investigation programme following the national guidelines including whole-body PET/CT, examination in general anaesthesia, including random biopsies of the base of the tongue and bilateral palatine tonsillectomy without identification of the primary tumour.
Results: The primary tumour was identified by TORS in seven of the 13 patients (54%) at the lingual tonsils. Human papillomavirus DNA and p16 were positive in all identified primary tumour specimens and in the corresponding lymph node metastases.
Keywords: SCCUP; TORS; human papillomavirus; p16.