Mapping the epitope of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against human adenovirus type 3

Abstract

Human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) has produced a global epidemic in recent years causing serious diseases such as pneumonia in both pediatric and adult patients. Development of an effective neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) and identification of its neutralizing epitope is important for the control of HAdV-3 infection. In this study, three neutralizing MAbs were generated, of which MAb 3D7 had a high neutralization titer of 4096 (approximately 0.5 μg/ml) against HAdV-3 infection. In indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, all three MAbs specifically recognized HAdV-3 virus particles and hexon protein, but did not react with the virus particles or the hexon protein of HAdV-7. Analyses using a series of peptides and chimeric adenovirus particles of epitope mutants revealed that all three MAbs bound to the same exposed region (amino acid positions 244-254 of hexon) in hypervariable region 4 (HVR4), which is highly conserved among global HAdV-3 strains. The amino acids T246 and G250 may be the critical amino acids recognized by these MAbs. MAb 3D7 reduced the recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing HAdV-3 (rAd3EGFP) load recovered in the lungs of mice at 3 days post-infection. The generation of MAb 3D7 and the identification of its neutralizing epitope may be useful for therapeutic treatment development, subunit vaccine construction, and virion structural analysis for HAdV-3.

Keywords: Epitope; Human adenovirus type 3; Hypervariable region 4; Monoclonal antibody; Neutralizing.