Tyrosol Suppresses Allergic Inflammation by Inhibiting the Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Mast Cells

PLoS One. 2015 Jun 11;10(6):e0129829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129829. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis are attractive research areas. Tyrosol (2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol) is a polyphenolic compound with diverse biological activities. In this study, we investigated whether tyrosol has anti-allergic inflammatory effects. Ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis and immunoglobulin E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis models were used for the immediate-type allergic responses. Oral administration of tyrosol reduced the allergic symptoms of hypothermia and pigmentation in both animal models. Mast cells that secrete allergic mediators are key regulators on allergic inflammation. Tyrosol dose-dependently decreased mast cell degranulation and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Intracellular calcium levels and activation of inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) regulate cytokine expression and degranulation. Tyrosol blocked calcium influx and phosphorylation of the IKK complex. To define the molecular target for tyrosol, various signaling proteins involved in mast cell activation such as Lyn, Syk, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt were examined. Our results showed that PI3K could be a molecular target for tyrosol in mast cells. Taken together, these findings indicated that tyrosol has anti-allergic inflammatory effects by inhibiting the degranulation of mast cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines; these effects are mediated via PI3K. Therefore, we expect tyrosol become a potential therapeutic candidate for allergic inflammatory disorders.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Allergic Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology*
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Degranulation / drug effects
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cytokines / genetics
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Hypersensitivity / enzymology
  • Hypersensitivity / immunology
  • Hypersensitivity / prevention & control*
  • Inflammation / enzymology
  • Inflammation / immunology
  • Inflammation / prevention & control*
  • Male
  • Mast Cells / drug effects
  • Mast Cells / enzymology
  • Mast Cells / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis / drug effects*
  • Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis / immunology
  • Phenylethyl Alcohol / analogs & derivatives*
  • Phenylethyl Alcohol / pharmacology
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors*
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Substances

  • Anti-Allergic Agents
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Cytokines
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
  • RNA, Messenger
  • 4-hydroxyphenylethanol
  • Phenylethyl Alcohol

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (2014R1A5A2009242 and 2013R1A1A3009525). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.