The problem of pyridinyl imidazole class inhibitors of MAPK14/p38α and MAPK11/p38β in autophagy research

Autophagy. 2015;11(8):1425-7. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1059562.

Abstract

In addition to its established role in inflammation, the stress-activated p38 MAP kinase pathway plays major roles in the regulation of cell cycle, senescence, and autophagy. Robust studies could establish mechanistic links between MAPK11-MAPK14/p38 signaling and macroautophagy converging at ATG9-trafficking and BECN1 phosphorylation. However, several reports seem to monitor MAPK11-MAPK14/p38-dependence of autophagy exclusively by the use of the SB203580/SB202190 class of MAPK14/MAPK11/p38α/β inhibitors. In this "Letter to the editor" we present data to support our claim that these inhibitors interfere with autophagic flux in a MAPK11-MAPK14/p38-independent manner and hence should no longer be used as pharmacological tools in the analysis of MAPK11-MAPK14/p38-dependence of autophagy. We propose a general guideline from Autophagy with regard to this issue to avoid such misinterpretations in the future.

Keywords: LC3; MAPK11-MAPK14/p38; SB202190; SB203580; SQSTM1; autophagy; vacuoles.

Publication types

  • Letter
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Autophagy*
  • Autophagy-Related Proteins
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic*
  • HT29 Cells
  • HeLa Cells
  • Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
  • Humans
  • Imidazoles / chemistry*
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11 / metabolism
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 / metabolism*
  • Phosphorylation
  • Pyridines / chemistry*
  • Signal Transduction
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / metabolism
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism

Substances

  • ATG9A protein, human
  • Autophagy-Related Proteins
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Imidazoles
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Pyridines
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • SB 203580
  • 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole