Sjögren's syndrome (SS--Sjögren's Syndrom) is an autoimmune systemic disease of connective tissue. The aim of this study was to present the contemporary literature on the basis of the pathophysiology of the Sjögren's syndrome, with particular reference to the pathogenesis of the damage to the salivary glands. It also discusses the criteria for classification, aetiology and pathogenesis of the SS, as well as the clinical symptoms of the disease in the oral cavity and its influence on the composition of the saliva. The knowledge of the Sjbgren's syndrome is important for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.