Risk of dependence associated with health, social support, and lifestyle

Rev Saude Publica. 2015:49:26. doi: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005585. Epub 2015 May 26.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of individuals at risk of dependence and its associated factors. METHODS The study was based on data from the Catalan Health Survey, Spain conducted in 2010 and 2011. Logistic regression models from a random sample of 3,842 individuals aged ≥ 15 years were used to classify individuals according to the state of their personal autonomy. Predictive models were proposed to identify indicators that helped distinguish dependent individuals from those at risk of dependence. Variables on health status, social support, and lifestyles were considered. RESULTS We found that 18.6% of the population presented a risk of dependence, especially after age 65. Compared with this group, individuals who reported dependence (11.0%) had difficulties performing activities of daily living and had to receive support to perform them. Habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and being sedentary were associated with a higher probability of dependence, particularly for women. CONCLUSIONS Difficulties in carrying out activities of daily living precede the onset of dependence. Preserving personal autonomy and function without receiving support appear to be a preventive factor. Adopting an active and healthy lifestyle helps reduce the risk of dependence.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la prevalencia de personas en riesgo de dependencia y los factores asociados.

MÉTODOS: El estudio se basó en datos de la Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña, España, realizada de 2010 a 2011. A partir de una muestra aleatoria de 3.842 individuos, de 15 años o más, se llevaron a cabo modelos de regresión logística para clasificar a los individuos según el estado de su autonomía personal. Se plantearon modelos predictivos para identificar las variables susceptibles de intervención que permitieran distinguir a los individuos dependientes de aquellos en riesgo. Se consideraron variables acerca del estado de salud, apoyo social y estilos de vida.

RESULTADOS: El 18,6% de la población presentó riesgo de dependencia, con efecto más acusado a partir de los 65 años. En comparación con este colectivo, los individuos que se declararon dependientes (11,0%) manifestaron problemas para realizar las actividades cotidianas y obtuvieron apoyo para ello. Estilos de vida, como fumar, consumir alcohol en exceso y ser sedentario se asociaron con mayor probabilidad de dependencia, en particular para las mujeres.

CONCLUSIONES: Las dificultades para llevar a cabo las actividades cotidianas preceden a la aparición de dependencia. Preservar la propia autonomía y desenvolverse sin recibir apoyo aparecen como factores protectores. La adopción de un estilo de vida activo y saludable contribuye a reducir el riesgo de dependencia.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Activities of Daily Living
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Dependency, Psychological*
  • Disabled Persons*
  • Educational Status
  • Female
  • Health Surveys
  • Humans
  • Life Style*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Risk Factors
  • Spain
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

Research supported by the Ministry of Education and Science, Government of Spain (Projects ECO2012-35584 and FEDER ECO2010-21787-C03-01) and by iPOPs Laboratory of Excellence (Reference ANR-10-Labx-0089).