A colourful clock

PLoS Biol. 2015 May 21;13(5):e1002160. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002160. eCollection 2015 May.

Abstract

Circadian rhythms are an essential property of life on Earth. In mammals, these rhythms are coordinated by a small set of neurons, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The environmental light/dark cycle synchronizes (entrains) the SCN via a distinct pathway, originating in a subset of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) that utilize the photopigment melanopsin (OPN4). The pRGCs are also innervated by rods and cones and, so, are both endogenously and exogenously light sensitive. Accumulating evidence has shown that the circadian system is sensitive to ultraviolet (UV), blue, and green wavelengths of light. However, it was unclear whether colour perception itself can help entrain the SCN. By utilizing both behavioural and electrophysiological recording techniques, Walmsley and colleagues show that multiple photic channels interact and enhance the capacity of the SCN to synchronize to the environmental cycle. Thus, entrainment of the circadian system combines both environmental irradiance and colour information to ensure that internal and external time are appropriately aligned.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Circadian Clocks / radiation effects*
  • Circadian Rhythm / radiation effects*
  • Color
  • Color Perception*
  • Retinal Ganglion Cells / radiation effects*
  • Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / radiation effects*

Grants and funding

The authors received no specific funding for this work.