Recent developments in atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), which is one of the three most important ionization techniques in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, are reviewed. The emphasis is on the practical aspects of APPI analysis, its combination with different separation techniques, novel instrumental developments - especially in gas chromatography and ambient mass spectrometry - and the applications that have appeared in 2009-2014. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:423-449, 2017.
Keywords: ambient mass spectrometry; atmospheric pressure photoionization; dopant; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.