The distribution of genotypes and alleles of Q192R polymorphism of the paraoxonase1 (rs622) gene was studied in Russian and Buryat populations living in Eastern Siberia. Correlations between genotypes and some parameters of the lipid profile and lipid peroxidation indicators were revealed. In the group of Russians, the frequency of genotypes was QQ-0.354; QR-0.569 and RR-0.077, alleles Q-0.638, and R-0.362. In the group of Buryats, the genotype frequencies were QQ-0.204; QR-0.629 and RR-0.167, alleles Q-0.518, and R-0.482. No differences in allele and genotype frequencies were established between the groups of Russians and Buryats. In the group of Russians, the VLD L cholesterol content (H = 6.461; p = 0.0395) and diene conjugates (H = 8.107; p = 0.0174) was higher in carriers of genotype QQ than in carriers of genotype RR. In the group of Buryats, the HDL cholesterol content (H = 1.548; p = 0.0461) was higher in carriers of genotype QQ, wherein the concentration of malondialdehyde (H = 13.854, p = 0.0010) was lower in comparison with carriers of genotype RR.