Atomic Force Microscopy and Voltammetric Investigation of Quadruplex Formation between a Triazole-Acridine Conjugate and Guanine-Containing Repeat DNA Sequences

Anal Chem. 2015 Jun 16;87(12):6141-9. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00743. Epub 2015 May 27.

Abstract

The interactions of the Tetrahymena telomeric repeat sequence d(TG4T) and the polyguanylic acid (poly(G)) sequence with the quadruplex-targeting triazole-linked acridine ligand GL15 were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) at a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. GL15 interacted with both sequences, in a time dependent manner, and G-quadruplex formation was detected. AFM showed the adsorption of quadruplexes as small d(TG4T) and poly(G) spherical aggregates and large quadruplex-based poly(G) assemblies, and voltammetry showed the decrease and disappearance of GL15 and guanine oxidation peak currents and appearance of the G-quadruplex oxidation peak. The GL15 molecule strongly stabilized and accelerated G-quadruplex formation in both Na(+) and K(+) ion-containing solution, although only K(+) promoted the formation of perfectly aligned tetra-molecular G-quadruplexes. The small-molecule complex with the d(TG4T) quadruplex is discrete and approximately globular, whereas the G-quadruplex complex with poly(G) is formed at a number of points along the length of the polynucleotide, analogous to beads on a string.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acridines / chemistry*
  • DNA / chemistry*
  • Electrochemical Techniques*
  • G-Quadruplexes*
  • Guanine / chemistry*
  • Microscopy, Atomic Force
  • Molecular Structure
  • Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
  • Triazoles / chemistry*

Substances

  • Acridines
  • Triazoles
  • Guanine
  • DNA