Dietary Treatment of Obesity

Johanna T Dwyer; Kathleen J Melanson; Utchima Sriprachy-anunt; Paige Cross; Madelyn Wilson

Dietary Treatment of Obesity

Review

In: Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000.

2015 Feb 28.

Authors

Johanna T Dwyer¹, Kathleen J Melanson², Utchima Sriprachy-anunt³, Paige Cross⁴, Madelyn Wilson⁴

Book Editors

Kenneth R Feingold¹, Bradley Anawalt², Marc R Blackman³, Alison Boyce⁴, George Chrousos⁵, Emiliano Corpas⁶, Wouter W de Herder⁷, Ketan Dhatariya⁸, Kathleen Dungan⁹, Johannes Hofland¹⁰, Sanjay Kalra¹¹, Gregory Kaltsas¹², Nitin Kapoor¹³, Christian Koch¹⁴, Peter Kopp¹⁵, Márta Korbonits¹⁶, Christopher S Kovacs¹⁷, Wendy Kuohung¹⁸, Blandine Laferrère¹⁹, Miles Levy²⁰, Elizabeth A McGee²¹, Robert McLachlan²², Maria New²³, Jonathan Purnell²⁴, Rakesh Sahay²⁵, Amy S Shah²⁶, Frederick Singer²⁷, Mark A Sperling²⁸, Constantine A Stratakis²⁹, Dace L Trence³⁰, Don P Wilson³¹

Affiliations

¹ Professor of Medicine and Community Health and Professor of Nutrition, Senior Scientist Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University,Box 783 Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111 jdwyer1@tuftsmedicalcenter.org
² Associate Professor; Director, Energy Metabolism Laboratory at University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences 112 Ranger Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 kmelanson@uri.edu
³ nutritionist in Bangkok, Thailand
⁴ Graduate student at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University

Book Affiliations

¹ Professor of Medicine Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco, CA
² Chief of Medicine at the University of Washington Medical Center and Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Medicine, University of Washington
³ Sr. Physician Scientist, Washington DC VA Medical Center; Professor of Medicine & Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University; Clinical Professor of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University; and Professor of Medicine (Part-time), Johns Hopkins University
⁴ Pediatric Endocrinologist and Associate Research Physician in the Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health
⁵ Professor of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
⁶ M.D. Ph.D in Gerontology. Honorary Professor of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid. Consultant in Endocrinology, Hospital HLA Guadalajara (Spain).
⁷ Professor of Endocrine Oncology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
⁸ Consultant in Diabetes, Endocrinology and General Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
⁹ Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University
¹⁰ Consultant Endocrinologist, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
¹¹ Consultant Endocrinologist, Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
¹² Professor of General Medicine-Endocrinology, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
¹³ Professor of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
¹⁴ Professor, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
¹⁵ Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
¹⁶ Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre Lead for Endocrinology and Deputy Institute Director, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
¹⁷ University Research Professor and Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Obstetrics & Gynecology, and BioMedical Sciences, at Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.
¹⁸ Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology at Boston Medical Center and an Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Boston University School of Medicine
¹⁹ Professor of Medicine, New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
²⁰ Consultant endocrinologist at University Hospitals of Leicester and Honorary Associate Professor at Leicester University
²¹ Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Vermont and Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Burlington, Vermont
²² Director of Clinical Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Consultant Endocrinologist, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia
²³ Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Chief of the Adrenal Steroid Disorders Program, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
²⁴ Professor of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute and the Division of Endocrinology, and Associate Director, Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
²⁵ Professor and Head of Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
²⁶ Professor of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
²⁷ Director of the Endocrine/Bone Disease Program, Saint Johns Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA; Clinical Professor of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
²⁸ Professorial Lecturer, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Emeritus Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh.
²⁹ CSO, ELPEN, Inc. & Director, Research Institute, Athens, Greece & Senior Investigator, Human Genetics & Precision Medicine, FORTH (ITE), Heraklion, Greece. Emeritus Scientific Director & Senior Investigator, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
³⁰ Professor of Medicine, Emeritus, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
³¹ Endowed Chair, Cardiovascular Health and Risk Prevention, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX

PMID: 25905223
Bookshelf ID: NBK278991

Excerpt

NHANES data reveals that 33% of U.S. adults are overweight, (BMI of 25-29), over 35% are obese (BMI 30 or higher) and over 6% are extremely obese (BMI greater than or equal to 40.0) (1). Obesity is a chronic medical condition requiring long-term therapy (2, 3-5). If left untreated, overweight and obesity can increase the risk degenerative diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and metabolic syndrome, and orthopedic problems. In addition, obesity can promote the development of various negative psychological effects, and can diminish one’s quality of life (6).

Self-initiated approaches to weight reduction are often ineffective. We all long for a quick and easy remedy to cure it, when in fact, there is no sure cure. The only effective method to keep off excess weight is through life-long weight management and obesity prevention, involving physical activity, balanced with a healthy diet (3;5). Health professionals can help people become more effective at maintaining a healthy weight, or losing weight when necessary.

Although 1998 NIH guidelines recommend that healthcare professionals advise obese patients to lose weight, the proportion of obese patients who reported being counseled by a healthcare professional has declined since 1994 (7). Yet the fact remains that a modest (10%) weight reduction in obese people is an attainable goal, and often results in clinical improvements of several health-related parameters, even if the individual remains clinically obese (3;8;9). This information should encourage health professionals to advise weight loss for obese patients and that they need not be overwhelmed by their inability to meet excessively ambitious, or unrealistic, weight loss goals (8;10). Smaller amounts of weight loss can still bring considerable health and social benefits.

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