Enhancing Protein Expression in HEK-293 Cells by Lowering Culture Temperature

PLoS One. 2015 Apr 20;10(4):e0123562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123562. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Animal cells and cell lines, such as HEK-293 cells, are commonly cultured at 37°C. These cells are often used to express recombinant proteins. Having a higher expression level or a higher protein yield is generally desirable. As we demonstrate in this study, dropping culture temperature to 33°C, but not lower, 24 hours after transient transfection in HEK-293S cells will give rise to ~1.5-fold higher expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. By following the time course of the GFP-expressing cells growing at 37°C and 33°C from 24 hours after transfection (including 19 hours recovery at 37°C in the normal growth medium), we found that a mild hypothermia (i.e., 33°C) reduces the growth rate of HEK-293S cells, while increasing cellular productivity of recombinant proteins. As a result, green cells remain undivided in a longer period of time. Not surprisingly, the property of a recombinant protein expressed in the cells grown at 33°C is unaffected, as shown by the use of AMPA receptors. We further demonstrate with the use of PC12 cells that this method may be especially useful when a recombinant protein is difficult to express using a chemical-based, transient transfection method.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Culture Techniques / methods*
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • PC12 Cells
  • Patch-Clamp Techniques
  • Plasmids / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Receptors, AMPA / metabolism
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism*
  • Temperature*
  • Time Factors
  • Transfection

Substances

  • Receptors, AMPA
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins