Raman Imaging from Microscopy to Nanoscopy, and to Macroscopy

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy can not only provide intrinsic fingerprint information about a sample, but also utilize the merits of the narrow bandwidth and low background of Raman spectra, offering itself as a promising multiplex analytical technique. Raman microscopy has become particularly attractive recently because it has demonstrated itself as an important imaging technique for various samples, from biological samples and chemical systems to industrially important silicon-based wafers. In this Concept article, some of the most recent advances in Raman imaging techniques are critically reviewed, and the advantages and problems associated with the current techniques are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on its future directions, from both the technical and application sides.

Keywords: Raman imaging; molecular imaging; nanoscopy; super resolution; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.