Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2012.
Methods: A sample that comprised 652 6-year-old children from six different elementary schools (three represented the urban areas, and the other three represented the rural areas) were examined according to a baseline, with follow-up examinations at 1, 2, and 3 years. Eruption and caries experience were re- corded using World Health Organization criteria.
Results: The prevalence rates of primary tooth caries of 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province for 3 years were 74.23% (484/652), 75.61% (493/652), and 81.90% (534/652). The filling rate of the primary teeth was 5.87% (145/2,471) in 2012, with significant differences (P < 0.01) between the urban areas [10.84% (133/ 1,227)] and rural areas [0.96% (12/1,244)]. The total pit and fissure rate of the first molar was 14.11% (92/652) in 2012, with significant differences between the two areas (P < 0.01) [rural: 0.66% (2/303); urban: 25.79% (90/349)].
Conclusion: The pre- valence of caries in the primary and permanent teeth of 6-year-old children was high. An increasing prevalence tendency was observed as the age increased. The prevalence of first molar caries indicated that prevention and control of dental caries should be performed as early as possible.
目的: 了解四川省6岁儿童2010—2012年的口腔健康状况，监测龋病的患病趋势，为四川省儿童口腔卫生保健规划提供信息和科学依据。
方法: 采用多阶段、分层、随机抽样的方法抽取四川省6岁儿童652名为观察对象。根据WHO口腔健康调查基本方法，于2010—2012年连续调查3年，记录652名儿童乳恒牙的患龋状况并进行统计分析。
结果: 四川省652名6岁儿童2010、2011、2012年乳牙患龋率分别为74.23%（484/652）、75.61%（493/652）、81.90%（534/652）；2012年乳牙充填率最高，为5.87%（145/2 471）；城市地区儿童乳牙充填率为10.84%（133/1 227），农村地区为0.96%（12/1 244），城市地区明显高于农村地区（P<0.01）；第一恒磨牙为恒牙的主要患龋牙位；2012年第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭率为14.11%（92/652），城市和农村地区分别为25.79%（90/349）和0.66%（2/303），城市地区明显高于农村地区（P<0.01）。
结论: 四川省6岁儿童乳恒牙患龋率均较高，随年龄增加患龋情况呈上升趋势；龋病的治疗状况较差；恒牙龋主要集中于第一恒磨牙。