Impact of phosphorus restriction and vitamin D-substitution on secondary hyperparathyroidism in a proteinuric mouse model

Kidney Blood Press Res. 2015;40(2):153-65. doi: 10.1159/000368491. Epub 2015 Mar 29.

Abstract

Background/aims: Since the discovery of FGF23, secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in renal disease has been considered to result primarily from phosphorus retention rather than vitamin D deficiency. However, the impact of phosphorus restriction and vitamin D supplementation on SHPT is still ill defined.

Methods: We investigated the development of SHPT in a doxorubicin-induced proteinuric mouse model and tested different treatment strategies including a low phosphorus diet and substitution with native or active vitamin D in 129 S1/SvImJ wild-type mice.

Results: Development of SHPT at day 30 was strongly related to the magnitude of induced proteinuria. In mice with a proteinuria <100 mg/mg creatinine, SHPT was mild (PTH increase 2.4-fold), and serum levels of FGF23, phosphate and urea remained almost stable, whereas mice with heavy proteinuria (>100 mg/mg creatinine) developed marked SHPT (PTH increase 10.1-fold) accompanied by massive increase in FGF23 (27.0-fold increase), hyperphosphatemia (1.8-fold increase), renal failure (7.3-fold urea increase) and depletion of both 25-OH vitamin D and 1,25-OH vitamin D. Substitution with native or active vitamin D was unable to suppress SHPT, whereas a low-phosphorus diet (Pi content 0.013%) completely suppressed SHPT in mice with both mild and heavy proteinuria.

Conclusions: The development of SHPT resulted from phosphate retention in this proteinuric model and could completely be suppressed with a low-phosphorus diet.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Doxorubicin
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
  • Glucuronidase / biosynthesis
  • Glucuronidase / genetics
  • Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / chemically induced
  • Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / diet therapy*
  • Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / drug therapy*
  • Kidney / pathology
  • Klotho Proteins
  • Mice
  • Phosphorus*
  • Proteinuria / chemically induced
  • Proteinuria / diet therapy*
  • Proteinuria / etiology
  • Renal Insufficiency / prevention & control
  • Vitamin D / therapeutic use*
  • Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase / biosynthesis
  • Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase / genetics
  • Vitamins / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Fgf23 protein, mouse
  • Vitamins
  • Vitamin D
  • Phosphorus
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
  • Doxorubicin
  • Cyp24a1 protein, mouse
  • Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase
  • Glucuronidase
  • Klotho Proteins