The paper discusses the concept of the superorganism of man and his microbiota. A unique and little-known details regarding mutualistic relationship of the host and its microbiome are represented. The main metabolic effects of the gut microbiota of the intestine are described. The use of microbial metabolites as autoregulatory substances in experiments and in clinical practice is discussed. Authors propose an innovative concept of controlled microbiocenosis as a main goal and a priority task of the development of clinically effective probiotics and metabolite preparations (metabiotics).