In this text we will examine the theoretical relationships between Ernesto De Martino's anthropological concept of "end of the world", and the experience of "end of the world" which has been investigated in some schizophrenic experiences by two Italian psychiatrists and collaborators of De Martino: Giovanni Jervis, who studied this experience in a clinical e biological perspective, and Bruno Callieri, who studied it in a psychopathological and phenomenological perspective. These complex relationships between De Martino, Jervis and Callieri are, on the other hand, an occasion for a more comprehensive meditation on the paradigms, and the underlying tasks, of today's human sciences.