Advanced application of porcine intramuscular adipocytes for evaluating anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of immunobiotics

PLoS One. 2015 Mar 19;10(3):e0119644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119644. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

We previously established a clonal porcine intramuscular preadipocyte (PIP) line and we were able to establish a protocol to obtain functional mature adipocytes from PIP cells. We hypothesized that both PIP cells and mature adipocytes are likely to be useful in vitro tools for increasing our understanding of immunobiology of adipose tissue, and for the selection and study of immunoregulatory probiotics (immunobiotics) able to modulate adipocytes immune responses. In this study, we investigated the immunobiology of PIP cells and mature adipocytes in relation to their response to TNF-α stimulation. In addition, we evaluated the possibility that immunobiotic microorganisms modify adipogenesis and immune functions of porcine adipose tissue through Peyer's patches (PPs) immune-competent cells. We treated the porcine PPs immune cells with different probiotic strains; and we evaluated the effect of conditioned media from probiotic-stimulated immune cells in PIP cells and mature adipocytes. The Lactobacillus GG and L. gasseri TMC0356 showed remarkable effects, and were able to significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and negative regulators (A20, Bcl-3, and MKP-1) in adipocytes challenged with TNF-α. The results of this study demonstrated that the evaluation of IL-6, and MCP-1 production, and A20 and Bcl-3 down-regulation in TNF-α-challenged adipocytes could function as biomarkers to screen and select potential immunobiotic strains. Taking into consideration that several in vivo and in vitro studies clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus GG and L. gasseri TMC0356 in adipose inflammation, the results presented in this work indicate that the PIP cells and porcine adipocytes could be used for the screening and the selection of new immunobiotic strains with the potential to functionally modulate adipose inflammation when orally administered.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adipocytes / immunology*
  • Animals
  • Cell Culture Techniques
  • Culture Media, Conditioned / chemistry
  • Culture Media, Conditioned / pharmacology
  • Cytokines / immunology
  • Immunity, Innate / drug effects*
  • Inflammation / drug therapy*
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism
  • Lactobacillus / chemistry
  • Peyer's Patches / immunology
  • Probiotics / chemistry
  • Probiotics / pharmacology*
  • Swine
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology

Substances

  • Culture Media, Conditioned
  • Cytokines
  • Interleukin-6
  • TNF protein, human
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Grants and funding

This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)(2) (No. 24380146) and Challenging Exploratory Research (No. 26660216) from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) to Dr. H. Kitazawa, and the Research Project on Development of Agricultural Products and Foods with Health-promoting benefits (NARO), Japan to Dr. H. Aso. Dr. Paulraj Kanmani was supported by JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers, Program No. 25-03397. Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd., provided support in the form of salaries for authors KM, KY, FH and MH but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the "author contributions" section.