Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of AACB/BMP/bFGF, a novel tissue-engineered bone, in repairing femoral head defect and necrosis in dog models.
Methods: Dog models of avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) were established by liquid nitrogen freezing method. Group A was untreated; Groups B, C, and D were implanted with AACB, AACB/BMP, and AACB/BMP/bFGF complex, respectively; Group E was grafted with autologous cancellous bone. Samples were collected at 3 w, 6 w, and 12 w after operation. A series of examinations were carried out to investigate the effects of the materials in repairing femoral head defect, including anatomical observation, X-ray examination, histological analysis, and vascular immunohistochemical staining.
Results: Our results indicated that, compared with AACB alone and AACB/BMP, AACB/BMP/bFGF complex could exert the most efficient therapeutic effects in dog ANFH models. X-ray examination further confirmed that AACB/BMP/bFGF complex could effectively repair the injuries in dog ANFH models, almost to a comparable level with cancellous bone autografts. Moreover, histological analysis indicated that AACB/BMP/bFGF complex greatly enhanced the new bone formation, which would contribute to the healing of ANFH. Furthermore, vascular immunohistochemical staining revealed that AACB/BMP/bFGF complex could significantly stimulate the revascularization in defect areas, reflecting the post-injury healing process in these models.
Conclusion: AACB/BMP/bFGF complex has great potential in repairing femoral head defect by enhancing osteogenesis and revascularization. The novel tissue-engineered bone would be widely used in clinical applications for ANFH treatment, especially as an alternative for autografts.
Keywords: Avascular necrosis of femoral head; allogeneic antigen-extracted cancellous bone; basic fibroblast growth factor; bone morphogenetic protein.