Association of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and TIRAP polymorphisms with disease susceptibility

Immunol Res. 2015 Jun;62(2):234-52. doi: 10.1007/s12026-015-8640-6.

Abstract

Toll like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in regulation of innate as well as adaptive immunity. TLRs recognize a distinct but limited repertoire of conserved microbial products. Ligand binding to TLRs activates the signaling cascade and results in activation of multiple inflammatory genes. Variation in this immune response is under genetic control. Polymorphisms in genes associated with inflammatory pathway especially influence the outcome of diseases. TLR2 makes heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR6 and recognizes a wide variety of microbial ligands. In this review, we summarize studies of polymorphisms in genes encoding TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and most polymorphic adaptor protein, Mal/TIRAP, revealing their effect on susceptibility to diseases.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Disease Susceptibility
  • Genetic Association Studies*
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics*
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Polymorphism, Genetic*
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1 / genetics*
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1 / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Toll-Like Receptor 1 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 1 / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptor 6 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 6 / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptors / genetics*
  • Toll-Like Receptors / metabolism

Substances

  • Ligands
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1
  • TIRAP protein, human
  • Toll-Like Receptor 1
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4
  • Toll-Like Receptor 6
  • Toll-Like Receptors