Over the last decade, interest in graphene has surged because of its unprecedented physical, chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties. In recent years, researchers' interests have gradually shifted to other notable properties of graphene - its environmentally-friendly nature with outstanding optical properties. Thus, graphene is considered to be a promising and attractive candidate for various biomedical applications such as NIR-responsive cancer therapy and fluorescence bio-imaging. To that end, appropriate preparation and novel approaches to utilize graphene-based materials such as graphene oxides (GOs), reduced graphene oxides (rGOs), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in biology and medical science are gaining growing interest. In this review, we highlight recent applications of graphene-based materials as novel prospects for versatile imaging studies with a brief perspective on their future applications.