The aim of this research was to investigate the possible association between gastric carcinoma (GC) and polymorphisms of the IL-1β gene in the Kashmiri population using peripheral blood DNA from 150 gastric carcinoma cases and 250 population controls with detailed data for clinicopathological characteristics of the disease. Two SNPs in the IL-1β gene were selected for this study. Expression of IL-1β was studied in 50 gastric carcinoma cases using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR and then correlated with genotype. The frequency of the IL-1β-511 C allele was significantly higher in the GC case group (53.3%) than in controls (45.4%) with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.73 and a P value of 0.03. Multivariate regression analysis showed associations of gastric carcinoma with mutant form of IL-1β-511 TT (OR 0.309; P value <0.001) and the CC genotype of IL-1β-31 (OR 0.313; P value of 0.002). Haplotype analysis of IL-1β-31 and IL-1β-511 showed decreased association of IL- 1β-31 T with IL-1β-511 C with gastric carcinoma (OR 0.728; P value 0.03). Expression study of 50 samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR showed association with grade III and stage III+IV. After correlating the expression with polymorphism no association was found.