[Care for patients with altered states of consciousness in a hospital for chronic and long-stay patients]

Rev Neurol. 2015 Mar 16;60(6):249-56.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Between 30% and 40% of patients with brain damage present alterations in their level of consciousness and, in some cases, altered states of consciousness: unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) or minimally conscious state (MCS). Recovery varies and survival is threatened by a number of complications.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to present the working methodology used at the Hospital La Pedrera (HLP) for patients in UWS or MCS and to analyse the clinical characteristics of the patients attended to, their progress, and the functional and cognitive situation at the time of their discharge from hospital.

Patients and methods: The work consisted in a prospective descriptive study of patients seen at the HLP over the period 2009-2013, who had been diagnosed with UWS or MCS.

Results: The HLP uses the case management method, offering integrated care dispensed by a multidisciplinary team. Patients are classified according to healthcare goals. Patients with UWS or MCS are included in the integrated care and adaptation programme. A total of 23 patients (86.9% males) were attended to, the mean age being 54.9 years. Aetiology: brain haemorrhage, 30.4%; anoxic encephalopathy, 26.6%; metabolic encephalopathy, 17.3%; and other causes, 17.3%. Altogether 73.9% were admitted in UWS and the rest in MCS.

Course: 43.4% improved their initial cognitive situation and 88.8% presented a situation of total dependence at the time of discharge. The most frequent complications were respiratory and urinary infections (53.6%). Death occurred in 65.2% of cases.

Conclusions: Medical attention in UWS or MCS is complex and requires multidisciplinary care. Almost half of the patients improved their cognitive situation, which justifies a proactive attitude that attempts to improve the quality of life of both patients and their families.

Title: Atencion a pacientes con estados alterados de conciencia en un hospital de pacientes cronicos y larga estancia.

Introduccion. Un 30-40% de los pacientes con daño cerebral presenta alteraciones del nivel de conciencia, y algunos casos, estados alterados de conciencia: sindrome de vigilia sin respuesta (SVSR) o estado de minima conciencia (EMC). La recuperacion es variable y la supervivencia esta amenazada por multiples complicaciones. Objetivos. Presentar la metodologia de trabajo del Hospital La Pedrera (HLP) para pacientes en SVSR o EMC y analizar las caracteristicas clinicas de los pacientes atendidos, la evolucion, y la situacion funcional y cognitiva en el momento del alta. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio descriptivo prospectivo de pacientes atendidos en el HLP durante el periodo 2009-2013, con diagnostico de SVSR o EMC. Resultados. El HLP trabaja mediante el metodo gestion de caso, ofreciendo una atencion integral por un equipo multidisciplinar. Los pacientes se clasifican segun objetivos asistenciales. Los pacientes con SVSR o EMC se incluyen en el programa de cuidados integrales y adaptacion. Se atendio a 23 pacientes (86,9% varones), con una edad media de 54,9 años. Etiologia: hemorragia cerebral, 30,4%; encefalopatia anoxica, 26,6%; encefalopatia metabolica, 17,3%; y otras causas, 17,3%. El 73,9% ingreso en SVSR y el resto en EMC. Evolucion: el 43,4% mejoro su situacion cognitiva inicial y el 88,8% presentaba una situacion de dependencia total en el momento del alta. Las complicaciones mas frecuentes fueron infecciones respiratorias y urinarias (53,6%). El 65,2% de los casos fueron exitus. Conclusiones. La asistencia en SVSR o EMC es compleja y precisa cuidados multidisciplinares. Casi la mitad de los pacientes mejoro su situacion cognitiva, lo que justifica una actitud proactiva que intente mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias.

Publication types

  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Chronic Disease
  • Cognition
  • Female
  • Hospitals
  • Humans
  • Length of Stay
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Persistent Vegetative State / psychology
  • Persistent Vegetative State / therapy*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Sleep Wake Disorders / psychology
  • Sleep Wake Disorders / therapy*