Hypertension and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Mar 4;12(3):2793-809. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120302793.

Abstract

Hypertension affects populations globally and is thus a public health and socio-economic problem. Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are common in the general population, and may be even more prevalent in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine a possible association between hypertension and intake of fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E. Participants were from the cross-sectional Hortega nutrition study conducted with a random sample of 1514 people (50.3% women, 49.7% men) and two groups: nonhypertensive controls≥40 years old (n=429; 28.3%); unknown untreated hypertension cases≥40 years old (n=246; 16.2%). Biochemical and anthropometric measurements were taken. Data on dietary intakes, education, socio-economic status, place of residence, health habits, comorbidities, alcohol consumption and smoking were collected and assessed. A descriptive data study was done and compared by ANOVA and Chi-Square. No p value higher than 0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that vitamin A intake was higher in the hypertensive subpopulation (1732.77±962.27 µg vs. 1655.89±902.81 µg), and vitamin D and E intakes were lower (8.13±9.71 µg vs. 8.25±9.52 µg and 18.79±7.84 mg vs. 18.60±8.20 mg, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found in any adjusted model. This study did not significantly associate intake of vitamins A, D and E with hypertension in people aged over 40. Future studies on this topic and a larger sample are necessary.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Alcohol Drinking
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diet
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / drug therapy
  • Hypertension / epidemiology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Minerals
  • Nutrition Surveys
  • Nutritional Status
  • Smoking
  • Social Class
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Vitamin A / administration & dosage*
  • Vitamin D / administration & dosage*
  • Vitamin E / administration & dosage*
  • Vitamins / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin E