Mechanical circulatory support devices, including ventricular assist devices (VADs) and the total artificial heart, have evolved to become accepted therapeutic options for patients with severe congestive heart failure. Continuous-flow left VADs are the most prevalent option for mechanical circulatory assistance and reliably provide years of support. However, problems related to acute and chronic right heart failure in patients with left VADs continue to cause important mortality and morbidity. This review discusses the assessment and management of right ventricular failure in left VAD patients. The goal is to summarize current knowledge and suggest new approaches to managing this problem.