Enhancing the interpretation of statistical P values in toxicology studies: implementation of linear mixed models (LMMs) and standardized effect sizes (SESs)

Arch Toxicol. 2016 Mar;90(3):731-51. doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1487-8. Epub 2015 Feb 28.

Abstract

In this paper, we compare the traditional ANOVA approach to analysing data from 90-day toxicity studies with a more modern LMM approach, and we investigate the use of standardized effect sizes. The LMM approach is used to analyse weight or feed consumption data. When compared to the week-by-week ANOVA with multiple test results per week, this approach results in only one statement on differences in weight development between groups. Standardized effect sizes are calculated for the endpoints: weight, relative organ weights, haematology and clinical biochemistry. The endpoints are standardized, allowing different endpoints of the same study to be compared and providing an overall picture of group differences at a glance. Furthermore, in terms of standardized effect sizes, statistical significance and biological relevance are displayed simultaneously in a graph.

Keywords: 90-day toxicity study; ANOVA; Linear mixed models; P values; Repeated measurements; Standardized effect sizes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Analysis of Variance
  • Animals
  • Body Weight
  • Linear Models*
  • Male
  • Organ Size
  • Plants, Genetically Modified
  • Rats
  • Toxicity Tests / methods*
  • Toxicity Tests / standards*
  • Toxicity Tests / statistics & numerical data
  • Toxicology / standards
  • Toxicology / statistics & numerical data*
  • Zea mays