A second species of the Neotropical mantid genus Margaromantis Piza, 1982, Margaromantisnigrolineata sp. n. is described from Bahia, Brazil. This new species can be recognized by the presence of a transverse black strip between compound eyes in the vertex; fore femora exhibiting black calluses on the inner face; lacking yellowish strips over the transverse veins on the metathoracic wings; left dorsal phallomere with rectangular ventral lamina, elongated and grooved lateral process, and a flattened, but not twisted apical process that is upwardly recurved.
Keywords: Chapada Diamantina; Dictyoptera; Mantidae; Neotropical region; Photinainae; taxonomy..