Objective: One of the truly revolutionary advances in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the increasingly successful use of alternative donors, as only 1/4 of patients who require an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant will have a HLA-matched sibling donor. Thereby, three alternative graft sources: umbilical cord blood (UCB), haploidentical (hi) related donor and mismatched unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (MMUDT) are available. This study was purposed to compare the characteristics of umbilical cord blood transplantation(UCBT), haplaidentical (hi) related donor hematopoieetic cell transplantation(hi-HSCT) and MMUDT.
Methods: The clinical date of 93 patients with hematologic malignancies who received UCBT (n = 22), hi-HSCT (n = 42) and MMUDT (n = 29), and the days of hematopoietic reconstration and engraftment, rate of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse rate, and overall survival (OS) were analysed.
Results: The median days of hematopoietic reconstitution (WBC>1.0×10(9)) among UCBT recipients were significantly longer than those among hi-HSCT/MMUDT recipients, (19 in UCBT, 12 in hi-HSCT and 12 in MMUDT)(P < 0.001), whereas the median days of full engraftment (STR >95%) among hi-HSCT recipients were longer than those among UCBT/MMUDT recipients (26 in hi-HSCT, 15 in UCBT and 20 in MMUDT, P = 0.028), the implant failure rate of UCBT recipients was higher than others (26% in UCBT, 5% in hi-HSCT, 3% in MUUDT)(P < 0.05). Multivarite analysis demonstrated no apparent differences in the rate of aGVHD (50% in UCBT,57.1% in hi-HSCT and 72.4% in MMUDT) (P = 0.498), and the rate of III-VI aGVHD also was no significant defference (27.3% in UCBT, 28.6% in hi-HSCT and 17.2% in MMUDT)(P = 0.543), the rate of chronic GVHD of UCBT recipients was lowered (19.0% in UCBT, 45.5% in hi-HSCT, 58.3% in MMUDT, P = 0.026). Overall survival at 2 years was 79.9% in UCBT, 80.9% in hi-HSCT and 88.0% in MUUDT (P = 0.097), and the TRM in 100 days was 23.8% in UCBT, 20.0% in hi-HSCT and 11.1% in MMUDT (P = 0.245) respectively.
Conclusions: The UCBT is characterised by lowest rate of cGVHD, but its hematopoietic recostruction is slow; the hi-HSCT has more alternative donors for using in clinic and can achieve post-transplant adoptive cellular immunotherapy, but its TRM has been found to be higher; the first important problem for MMUDT is to decrease the higher incidence of aGVHD and cGVHD.