Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with combined lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).
Methods: Between January 2011 and February 2014, 399 patients diagnosed with combined lower extremity DVT and IVCS at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included in this retrospective study. The odds of symptomatic PE versus combined lower extremity DVT and IVCS were assessed using logistic regression models. The association between thrombophilic risk factors, stenosis, collateral filling, endovascular thrombolysis, and symptomatic PE were assessed.
Results: Of 399 patients, 28 (7.0%) presented with symptomatic PE. Among the risk factors, collateral filling (odds ratio [OR]=2.61, 95%CI:1.07-6.37, P=0.035) and endovascular thrombolysis (OR=0.32, 95%CI:0.14-0.74, P=0.008) were significantly and independently associated with the presence of PE.
Conclusions: Among patients with combined lower extremity DVT and IVCS, the grade of collateral filling and endovascular thrombolysis treatment are the risk factors associated with the presence of PE.