Dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been observed in numerous types of human cancer, including cervical cancer (CC). The present study aimed to elucidate the expression and roles of miR‑181 in cervical cancer tissues and cells. HeLa cells with a stable overexpression of miR‑181 were generated and injected subcutaneously into the front legs of nude mice. Functional assays revealed a reduced rate of proliferation and an enhanced rate of apoptosis following transfection of CC cells with miR‑181 mimics. In addition, miR‑181 also suppressed tumor growth in the nude mice. At the molecular level, it was found that Yin Yang 1, an oncogene in several types of human cancer, was negatively regulated by miR‑181. Therefore, the findings of the present study suggest that exogenous overexpression of miR‑181 may be a potential approach for the treatment of CC in the future.