Cam-type deformities: Concepts, criteria, and multidetector CT features

Abstract

Interpreting imaging studies of a painful hip requires detailed knowledge of the regional anatomy. Some variants of the proximal femur, such as cam-type deformities, can course asymptomatically or cause femoroacetabular impingement. The principal numerical criterion for defining cam-type deformities, the alpha angle, has some limitations. In this article, we review the anatomic variants of the anterior aspect of the proximal femur, focusing on cam-type deformities. Using diagrams and multidetector CT images, we describe the parameters that are useful for characterizing these deformities in different imaging techniques. We also discuss the potential correspondence of imaging findings of cam-type deformities with the terms coined by anatomists and anthropologists to describe these phenomena.

Keywords: Anatomic variants; Choque femoroacetabular; Femoroacetabular impingement; Femur; Fémur; Magnetic resonance imaging; Multidetector computed tomography; Resonancia magnética; Tomografía computarizada multidetector; Variantes anatómicas.