Effects of exercise and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplementation on body composition, physical function, and hematological parameters in community-dwelling frail Japanese women: a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled, follow-up trial

PLoS One. 2015 Feb 6;10(2):e0116256. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116256. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the combined and separate effects of exercise and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplementation on frailty, physical function, physical activity level, and hematological parameters in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women.

Methods: A total of 131 frail, elderly women over 75 years were randomly assigned to one of four groups: exercise and MFGM supplementation (Ex+MFGM), exercise and placebo (Ex+Plac), MFGM supplementation, or the placebo group. The exercise group attended a 60-minute training program twice a week for three months, and the MFGM group ingested 1g of the MFGM supplement in pill form, daily for 3 months. The primary outcome measure was change in frailty status based on Fried's frailty phenotype. Secondary outcome measures included body composition, physical function and hematological parameters, and interview survey components assessing lifestyle factors. Participants were followed for 4 months post-intervention.

Results: Significant group × time interactions were observed for usual walking speed (P = 0.005), timed up & go (P<0.001), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3/insulin-like growth factor 1 ratio (P = 0.013). The frailty components revealed that weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, and slow walking speed were reversed, but low muscle strength did not significantly changed. Frailty reversal rate was significantly higher in the Ex+MFGM (57.6%) than in the MFGM (28.1%) or placebo (30.3%) groups at post-intervention (χ2 = 8.827, P = 0.032), and at the follow-up was also significantly greater in the Ex+MFGM (45.5%) and Ex+Plac (39.4%) groups compared with the placebo (15.2%) group (χ2 = 8.607, P = 0.035). The exercise+MFGM group had the highest odds ratio (OR) for frailty reversal at post-intervention and follow-up (OR = 3.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-8.60; and OR = 4.67, 95% CI = 1.45-15.08, respectively).

Conclusion: This study suggests that interventions including exercise and nutrition can improve frailty status. Statistically significant additive effects of MFGM with exercise could not be confirmed in this population, and further investigation in larger samples is necessary.

Trial registration: The Japan Medical Association Clinical Trial Registry (JMACCT)JMA-IIA00069.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Body Composition / drug effects*
  • Dietary Supplements*
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Exercise*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Glycolipids / administration & dosage*
  • Glycoproteins / administration & dosage*
  • Humans
  • Lipid Droplets
  • Time Factors
  • Weight Loss / drug effects*

Substances

  • Glycolipids
  • Glycoproteins
  • milk fat globule

Grants and funding

This study was supported by a research grant of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22300243). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Co-authors Noriyasu Ota, Akira Shimotoyodome and Tadashi Hase are employed by Kao Corporation. Kao Corporation provided support in the form of salaries for authors NO, AS and TH, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.