One-month comparative efficacy of three topical ectoparasiticides against adult brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) on mixed-bred dogs in controlled environment

Parasitol Res. 2015 May;114(5):1711-9. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4356-8. Epub 2015 Feb 7.

Abstract

This study was designed to compare the therapeutic and residual efficacy for 1 month of three topical ectoparasiticides on mixed-bred dogs against the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Adult dogs (n = 32, 10.8-18.4 kg BW) were allocated to 4 groups (n = 8) and infested with 50 adult ticks on days -8, -2, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Within each group, dogs were treated topically on day 0 with a control solution (CS), Vectra 3D (DPP), Frontline Plus (FM), or K9 Advantix (IP). Ticks were enumerated on dogs 24 h after treatment and each subsequent tick infestation by in situ thumb count assessment without removal and at 48 h by combing and removal. Acaricidal efficacy was calculated using arithmetic means for all 24 and 48 h tick count assessments. From 42 to 56% of the total, infested ticks were found on dogs 48 h post-challenge in the CS group. Therapeutic efficacy for all treatments ranged from 45.5 to 64.6% after 48 h of infestation. Residual efficacy after FM treatment was consistently lower compared to DPP or IP treatments at the 24 h assessments on days 8, 22, 23, and 29. Residual efficacy measured at this last time point was 94.8% for DPP, 83.1% for IP, and 46.9% for FM. This study demonstrates that permethrin-based formulations (DPP and IP) provided a quicker onset of residual protection against brown dog ticks compared to FM. Although DPP and IP are both permethrin-based formulations, DPP exhibited consistently higher residual acaricidal efficacies and was the only treatment that provided >90% protection for 1 month at 24 h post challenge.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acaricides / administration & dosage*
  • Animals
  • Dog Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Dog Diseases / parasitology
  • Dog Diseases / prevention & control
  • Dogs
  • Female
  • Hair / parasitology
  • Male
  • Methoprene / administration & dosage
  • Permethrin / administration & dosage
  • Pyrazoles / administration & dosage
  • Random Allocation
  • Rhipicephalus sanguineus / physiology*
  • Tick Infestations / drug therapy
  • Tick Infestations / parasitology
  • Tick Infestations / prevention & control
  • Tick Infestations / veterinary*

Substances

  • Acaricides
  • Pyrazoles
  • Permethrin
  • Methoprene
  • fipronil