Background: Blunt spleen injury is generally taken as major trauma which is potentially lethal. However, the management strategy has progressively changed to noninvasive treatment over the decade. This study aimed to (1) find out the incidence and trend of strategy change; (2) investigate the effect of change on the mortality rate over the study period; and (3) evaluate the risk factors of mortality.
Materials and methods: We utilized nationwide population-based data to explore the incidence of BSI during a 12-year study period. The demographic characteristics, including gender, age, surgical intervention, blood transfusion, availability of CT scans, and numbers of coexisting injuries, were collected for analysis. Mortality, hospital length of stay, and cost were as outcome variables.
Results: 578 splenic injuries were recorded with an estimated incidence of 48 per million per year. The average 12-year overall mortality rate during hospital stay was 5.28% (29/549). There is a trend of decreasing operative management in patients (X (2), P = 0.004). The risk factors for mortality in BSI from a multivariate logistic regression analysis were amount of transfusion (OR 1.033, P < 0.001, CI 1.017-1.049), with or without CT obtained (OR 0.347, P = 0.026, CI 0.158-0.889), and numbers of coexisting injuries (OR 1.346, P = 0.043, CI 1.010-1.842).
Conclusion: Although uncommon of BSI, management strategy is obviously changed to nonoperative treatment without increasing mortality and blood transfusion under the increase of CT utilization. Patients with more coexisting injuries and more blood transfusion had higher mortality.