Thermophoretic forces on DNA measured with a single-molecule spring balance

Phys Rev Lett. 2014 Dec 31;113(26):268301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.268301. Epub 2014 Dec 30.

Abstract

We stretch a single DNA molecule with thermophoretic forces and measure these forces with a spring balance: the DNA molecule itself. It is an entropic spring which we calibrate, using as a benchmark its Brownian motion in the nanochannel that contains and prestretches it. This direct measurement of the thermophoretic force in a static configuration finds forces up to 130 fN. This is eleven times stronger than the force experienced by the same molecule in the same thermal gradient in bulk, where the molecule shields itself. Our stronger forces stretch the middle of the molecule up to 80% of its contour length. We find the Soret coefficient per unit length of DNA at various ionic strengths. It agrees, with novel precision, with results obtained in bulk for DNA too short to shield itself and with the thermodynamic model of thermophoresis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bacteriophage T4 / chemistry
  • Bacteriophage T4 / genetics
  • DNA / chemistry*
  • DNA, Viral / chemistry
  • Hot Temperature
  • Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / methods
  • Models, Chemical*
  • Nanoparticles / chemistry
  • Osmolar Concentration
  • Thermodynamics

Substances

  • DNA, Viral
  • DNA