We are presenting the case of a 19-day-old newborn with HIV-seropositive mother, under antiretroviral treatment since birth, who is admitted in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) of the 1st Pediatric Clinic at the Emergency County University Hospital in Craiova, Romania, in critical general condition, with severe respiratory insufficiency. The examination of the tracheal and bronchial secretion revealed positive BK (bacillus of Koch). We considered it was an HIV/TB co-infection, the tuberculostatic treatment was instituted, but the evolution was towards exitus in the 11th day after admission.