Objective: The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the degree of autonomic modulation is associated with the degree of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: A total of 290 type 1 individuals with diabetes were randomly recruited during normal visits to outpatient clinics at 4 Danish hospitals. The degree of autonomic modulations was quantified by measuring heart rate variability (HRV) during passive spectral analysis and active tests (valsalva ratio [VT], response to standing [RT], and deep breathing [E:I]). To describe possible associations between severity of microvascular complications and measures of autonomic modulation, multivariate analysis was performed.
Results: After adjusting for diabetes duration, sex, age, pulse pressure, heart rate, and smoking, autonomic dysfunction remained significantly correlated with severity of retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes patients.
Conclusions: Autonomic dysfunction is present in early stages of retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Keywords: heart rate variability (HRV); microvascular complications; type 1 diabetes.
© 2015 Diabetes Technology Society.