Defective autophagosome formation in p53-null colorectal cancer reinforces crocin-induced apoptosis

Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 9;16(1):1544-61. doi: 10.3390/ijms16011544.

Abstract

Crocin, a bioactive molecule of saffron, inhibited proliferation of both HCT116 wild-type and HCT116 p53(-/-) cell lines at a concentration of 10 mM. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle distribution revealed that there was an accumulation of HCT116 wild-type cells in G1 (55.9%, 56.1%) compared to the control (30.4%) after 24 and 48 h of crocin treatment, respectively. However, crocin induced only mild G2 arrest in HCT116 p53(-/-) after 24 h. Crocin induced inefficient autophagy in HCT116 p53(-/-) cells, where crocin induced the formation of LC3-II, which was combined with a decrease in the protein levels of Beclin 1 and Atg7 and no clear p62 degradation. Autophagosome formation was not detected in HCT116 p53(-/-) after crocin treatment predicting a nonfunctional autophagosome formation. There was a significant increase of p62 after treating the cells with Bafilomycin A1 (Baf) and crocin compared to crocin exposure alone. Annexin V staining showed that Baf-pretreatment enhanced the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 wild-type cells. Baf-exposed HCT116 p53(-/-) cells did not, however, show any enhancement of apoptosis induction despite an increase in the DNA damage-sensor accumulation, γH2AX indicating that crocin induced an autophagy-independent classical programmed cell death.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Apoptosis / drug effects*
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / metabolism
  • Autophagy / drug effects
  • Autophagy-Related Protein 7
  • Beclin-1
  • Carotenoids / toxicity*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology
  • G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / drug effects
  • G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / drug effects
  • HCT116 Cells
  • Humans
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins / metabolism
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / deficiency
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics*
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism
  • Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes / metabolism

Substances

  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • BECN1 protein, human
  • Beclin-1
  • MAP1LC3A protein, human
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins
  • P62 protein, human
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • Carotenoids
  • crocin
  • ATG7 protein, human
  • Autophagy-Related Protein 7
  • Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes